Mazdak religion
The origin of the Mazdak religion
Mazdakism is an ancient Persian pagan religion whose founder was the
Persian leader Mazdak, Mazdak ibn Mobdhan, who claimed prophethood during the
time of King Qubadh ibn Fayrouz, the father of Anushirvan, it is an offshoot of
Manichaeism.
The birth and life of Mazdak
As for the life of its founder, it is not known precisely what religion
he was, but at most he was born between 467 and 487 AD, specifically before the
mission of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him
peace), and the dominant religion at the time of his birth was the Zoroastrian
religion or the Magi, he departed during his lifetime, To study the thought of
Zoroaster, Mani, and the teachings of Judaism and Christianity, he delved
deeply into the social classes accepted by Persian society, and he realized
that he was capable of leading a social revolution.
The incident of his murder has been narrated in various forms, and perhaps the most famous and most widely accepted is that, in implementation of his permissive belief, he forced King Qubadh - who was one of his followers - to send his wife so that others could enjoy her, his son Anushirwan was hurt by that, so he said to his father, the king: Leave it between me and him, so I will debate with him, if he defeated me I would obey him, otherwise I would kill him.
When he debated with him and prevailed over him, and Mazdak ceased the debate, he killed him and his followers and everyone who followed the religion of permissibility, and only a few of them remained who were able to be saved and continued in their belief, after the emergence of Islam and its spread until the time of the Umayyad dynasty in the Levant.
The conflict between Mazdak and the Zoroastrians
Mazdak launched an anti-Zoroastrian movement and claimed to be a prophet sent by the benevolent god of the Magi Ahuramazda.
It gained the approval of young men, the rich, and the affluent, and it
was championed and supported by the Persian King Qubadh I (year: 488 AD), this
religion remained during his reign until the Persian state plunged into moral
chaos and the tyranny of desires and perversions, then Khosrau Anushirvan
deposed him from the Persian throne and restored the Zoroastrian religion.
Mazdakism rejected the
class disparity and social differentiation that prevailed in Persian society,
and was able to eliminate them during the time of King Qubadh ibn Fayrouz by calling
for the abolition of class and freedom from physical and psychological slavery
for those at the top of the class ladder, and it conducted a heated debate
about money and women.
Mazdakism shook the pillars
of the Sassanid Empire with its rebellious movement and revolutionary ideas,
and its echo continued to resonate among those outside the state until the Zanj
and Qarmatian revolution.
Origins of the Mazrak religion
He began preaching his new religion, the first pillar of which is that
people are equal, and its philosophy is based on the fact that money and women
are the basis for dividing people and inciting hostility between them, since
money and women are created by God, people must share in owning them, so all
women are permissible for all men, and all money is for all men, he made women
permissible and made money permissible, and He made people share in them, just
as they share in water, fire, and pasture.
Mazdak was accused of pornography, but he responded by pointing out the deprivation of marriage for the deprived, and the polygamy of the rich, he meant that every person should have a woman and not, deprive anyone, but without a binding marital union
As
we started with the rituals of Mazdaki and its basics, as I previously mentioned,
it is the commonality of money and women, and as a result of that, one of the
rituals of Mazdaki is group sex on the nights of holidays and occasions, and
then the lights are turned off or all of the participants in the occasion
mingle, or it is prepared for sex to be practiced by everyone and with everyone. .
This ritual consequently led to a large number of disciples and followers.
Mazdak used to forbid people from disobeying, enmity, and fighting, and since most of that happened because of women and money, he made all women permissible, so no woman was inviolable among men, for all women are permissible, he made money permissible and made people share in them, like their sharing in water, fire, and pasture.
Mazdakism arose at a time when many intellectual sects emerged in Mesopotamia, the oldest of which has reached us, including the worship of fire and the worship of some abstract powers.
Then the ancient beliefs with different sources resulted in the Mazdak religion, which spread widely in Iran and which believed in the two universes and the two origins, and among its beliefs was that the god “Mazda,” meaning mind (intelligence), who is the wise and rational god who emerged from among the multiple gods and dominated them, had merged with God, Ahura, the god of rational power, and they formed one god, “Ahura Mazda,” and he became the first god. Then the Mazdak religion created another god to confront him, which it called “Ahriman,” and made him the god of the evil forces present in the world. The rational, wise god can only emanate good. Mazdak says that light “Ahura Mazda” acts according to intention and choice, and he is knowledgeable and sensitive, while the darkness “Ahriman” acts according to confusion and agreement, so he is ignorant and blind, and the mood was according to agreement and error, not by intention and choice, and likewise salvation occurs only through agreement and not choice.
The three pillars of the Mazdaqi faith are water, earth, and fire, and it has been mentioned that they are mixed with the mastermind of good and the mastermind of evil, so whatever is pure is the mastermind of good, and whatever is muddy is the mastermind of evil.
The god Mitra, the god of light and necklaces, who was created by Ahura Mazda, has a high status.
The god in Mazdakism sits on his throne in the “upper world,” and in his hands are four powers: discernment, understanding, memorization, and pleasure, opposite him sits Khosrow in the “lower world,” and he has four types of men: men of religion, war, wisdom, and music.
Mazdaqism believes that the god Ahura Mazda created this world all at once, and created for it one human being, Adam, and made it his for him to eat its food, drink its drink, enjoy its pleasures, and enjoy its women. When Adam died, he made it an inheritance among his children equally, with none of them having any preference in money or property People.
Whoever
is able to obtain what is in the hands of people and take their women by theft,
betrayal, deceit, or otherwise, or in any other way, is permissible and acceptable,
and everything that increases the favor of some of them is forbidden to them
until it becomes equal among the servants.
It
was narrated about him that his deity was sitting on his throne in the upper
world, just as Khosrow was sitting in the lower world, and in his hands were
four powers:
The power of discrimination, understanding,
memorization and pleasure.
Also in Khosrow's hands were four people:
Mobdh Mobdhan, Al-Harbad
Al-Akbar, Al-Asbahid, and Al-Ramshakar, and these four manage the affairs of
the world with seven behind them: Salar, Bishkar, Balon, Brown, Kazran, Dastur,
and Kudhak.
These
seven revolve around twelve spiritual ones: Khawananda, Danandah, Stanandeh,
Barandah, Khunandah, Donandeh, Khizandah, Kashandeh, Zandanda, Kanandeh,
Bandeh, Shawandeh, and Bayandah.
Every
human being for whom these four, seven, and twelve powers are combined becomes
divine in the underworld, and the obligation is lifted from him.
He
said: And if they lose the highest world, it is controlled by the letters that
sum up the Greatest Name, and whoever imagines something from those letters,
the greatest secret will be opened to him, and whoever forbids that will remain
in the blindness of ignorance, forgetfulness, dullness, and distress in the
encounter with the four spiritual powers.
They
are groups: Al-Kawdiyah, Abu Muslimiyah, Al-Mahaniyah, Al-Isbaid-Khamkiyah, and
Al-Kawdiyah, in the districts of Ahwaz, Fars, and Shahrzur, and the last in the
districts of Sughd, Samarkand, Al-Shash, and Ilaq.
It also called for the
rejection of differences, hatred, fighting, and everything that brings pain to
people’s souls. It forbade the slaughter of animals, and limited its food to
what the earth grows and what is generated from birds and animals, such as
eggs, milk, and cheese. It limited the ownership of food to one day, and
clothing to one year, and it was said that he ordered the killing of lives.